ABSTRACT
This study examined the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of bank employees in the United States. The study was necessary, as bank customers are urging banks to go the extra mile or engage in OCB to improve customer service given the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected customers' use of bank services. The study used the 24-item MLQ Form 5X-short for transformational leadership and the OCB instrument developed by Podsakoff et al. to collect data from bank employees in the National Capital Region (NCR) of the United States. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the data, and the results showed a statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and OCB. The multiple regression analysis conducted to test the relationship between the dimensions of transformational leadership and OCB indicated that idealized influence (attributed) and idealized influence (behavior) with statistical significance at 5% and 10%, respectively, exerted the greatest influence in explaining changes in OCB. Overall, the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.11) indicated that 11% of the variance in OCB was due to the five dimensions of transformational leadership. Based on the results, the study suggests that bank leaders may consider the practice of transformational leadership behaviors to promote the OCBs of employees. The findings also suggest that the aggregate effort of OCB could create better bank service delivery and improved customer satisfaction. These suggestions are supported by previous studies that show that organizations that promote OCB perform better than those that do not. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The present study was taken toanalyse the coping strategies during the COVID 19 pandemic among school childreninthe national capital region of India.A sample of three hundred school children was randomly selected for the present study with agesranging between 14 to 18 years.Out of 300 subjects, 150 were boys, and 150 were girls.Further, all the subjects were divided into three groups, i.e. less than 15 years (50 boys and 50 girls), between 15 to 17 years (50 boys and 50 girls), above 17 years (50 boys and 50 girls), and each group had 100 subjects. All the subjects voluntarily participated in the study, and a detailed procedure was informed.Brief-COPE (Carver, 1997) 28 item self-report questionnaire was used to assess Coping strategies, i.e.self-distraction, active coping, denial, substance use, emotional support, behavioural disagreement, venting, instrumental support, positive reframing, self-blame, Planning, humour, acceptance and religion. The 2 X 2 Factorial MANOVA was used as a statistical technique, and the result of the study showed the value of Wilk's lambda=0.862, p=0.000 for gender, Wilk's lambda=0.804, p=0.000 for age group & Wilk's lambda=0.824, p=0.000 interaction gender*age group in a multivariate test which means gender and age had a significant impact on coping strategies.Further significant difference was found in gender in behavioral disagreement (F = 5.32;p <.022) venting (F = 19.69;p <.000), positive reframing (F = 7.21;p <.008) and self blame (F = 4.35;p <.038). Also age group has a statistically significant effect on active coping (F = 6.63;p <.002) planning (F = 8.44;p <.000) and religion (F = 4.19;p <.016).This table also shows interaction effect has a statistically significant effect on behavioural disagreement (F = 3.06;p <.048),positive reframing (F = 3.22;p <.041) and humour (F = 6.5;p <.002), hence null hypothesis may be rejected at 0.05 level. From the above results, it may be concluded that girls use more emotion-focused coping styles in response to stressors. Older age groups are better at using coping strategies like active coping, Planning and religion than younger age groups.The combined effect of age group and gender were seen on behavioural disagreement, positive reframing and humour.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting life all over the world with an increasing number of infected individuals and fatality. Certain individuals are at a higher risk for severe illness if they become infected. This study aims to identify the risk of progression of COVID-19 symptoms for patients with underlying diseases residing in the National Capital Region, Philippines. The longer the patient stays in the hospital, the higher the risk that the symptoms will progress from mild to severe illness. Descriptive statistics were used to categorize quantitative data, Correlation to identify significant relationships between variables, ANOVA to determine the significant difference among all the factors, a Tukey test was conducted to identify which of the specific pairs are statistically significant, and multiple linear regression to obtain significant factors that could affect the number of days that a patient with underlying diseases experiences mild to severe symptoms, as well as the number of days that a patient with severe symptoms to be transferred to the medical ward. Lastly, Risk assessment with the use of Kepner Tregoe (KT) Analysis was utilized. Findings reveal that factors age, blood type group, gender, vitamin intake, sleeping hours, and smoking have a significant difference between the duration of Mild and Severe infection. The length of having symptoms is directly proportional to the whole duration of the infection. Furthermore, Comorbidity Cancer with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type II Diabetes has the longest duration of severe infection among all the underlying disease and comorbidity. © IEOM Society International.
ABSTRACT
The complete lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the improvement of air quality across the countries particularly in developing countries including India. This study aims to assess the air quality by monitoring major atmospheric pollutants such as AOD, CO, PM2.5, NO2, O3 and SO2 in 15 major cities of India using Air Quality Zonal Modeling. The study is based on two different data sources; (a) grid data (MODIS- Terra, MERRA-2, OMI and AIRS, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA) and (b) ground monitoring station data provided by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) / State Pollution Control Board (SPCB). The remotely sensed data demonstrated that the concentration of PM2.5 has declined by 14%, about 30% of NO2 in million-plus cities, 2.06% CO, SO2 within the range of 5 to 60%, whereas the concentration of O3 has increased by 1 to 3% in majority of cities compared with pre lockdown. On the other hand, CPCB/SPCB data showed more than 40% decrease in PM2.5 and 47% decrease in PM10 in north Indian cities, more than 35% decrease in NO2 in metropolitan cities, more than 85% decrease in SO2 in Chennai and Nagpur and more than 17% increase in O3 in five cities amid 43 days pandemic lockdown. The restrictions of anthropogenic activities have substantial effect on the emission of primary atmospheric pollutants.
ABSTRACT
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an unprecedented cessation of outdoor anthropogenic activities leading to a significant improvement of the environment across the world. However, the positive impacts on the environment are not expected to last long as countries have started to gradually come out of lockdown and engage in aggressive measures to regain the pre-COVID-19 levels of economic activity. The present study provides for an assessment of air quality changes during the period of lockdown and unlocking across 9 major cities in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, including three cities (Ghaziabad, Noida, and Greater Noida) in the national capital region, which have frequently been included among the most polluted cities in the world. The pollutant load in a vertical column of air during March-July 2020 has been analyzed and compared with the corresponding period's pollution load in 2019. In addition, a detailed analysis of the ground-level changes in pollution load for Ghaziabad, Noida, and Greater Noida is also presented, along with the changes in local meteorology. A significant reduction in the total column density of NO2, CO and ground-level pollution load of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 have been observed. In contrast, an increase in total column density of SO2 across all the cities (except Kanpur) and ground-level concentration of CO (in Noida and Greater Noida) and O3 (in Noida) was evident. The improvement in air quality (with respect to particulate matter) can primarily be attributed to the restrictions on construction and demolition activities, reduced re-suspension of roadside dust, and the restrictions on the movement of vehicles. A significant decline in the average summer temperature was recorded, and it can plausibly be attributed to lower radiative forcing due to reduced pollutant load in the atmosphere.